Genetic Phenotypes Predict Weight Loss Success: The Right Diet Does Matter
Mindy Dopler Nelson, Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA; Prakash Prabhakar, Venkateswarlu Kondragunta, Interleukin Genetics, Waltham, MA; Kenneth S Kornman, Interleukin Genetics, Waltham, CA; Christopher Gardner, Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA
Background/Introduction: Recent evidence demonstrates there is no one weight loss diet that is most effective for everyone. Genetic heterogeneity may offer a partial explanation to differential responses to different diets. Genotype patterns of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with obesity and weight loss have been identified. Objective: To determine whether genotype patterns associated with macronutrient metabolism will predict weight loss success in response to low-carbohydrate vs. low-fat diets. Design: This is a secondary analysis of data from 101 Caucasian women in the A TO Z weight loss study who provided DNA from buccal cells. The analysis included diet assignments, weight loss results, and anthropometric and lipid panel values. Functional SNPs relevant to weight loss and responsive to macronutrient composition in the diet were analyzed. Women in the original A TO Z study were randomly assigned to either Atkins (very low carbohydrate), Zone (low-carbohydrate/high protein), LEARN (low-fat) or Ornish (very low fat). The subset of women was classified into 3 genotype groups; low carbohydrate diet responsive genotype (LCG, n=61) and low fat diet responsive genotype (LFG, n=35), and a balanced diet responsive genotype (BDG, n=5). Results: Participants in the appropriate dietary groups for their genotype showed 2-3 fold greater 12-month weight loss compared to participants in inappropriate dietary groups for their genotype (p=0.02) with parallel findings for reduced waist circumference (p=0.01), decreased triglycerides (p=0.007), and increased high density lipoprotein (p= 0.01). Conclusion: These findings suggest a simple DNA test of buccal cells from a cheek swab could help predict whether someone is more likely to be successful with weight loss on a low carbohydrate vs. a low fat diet.
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