raceala/gripa

un post interesant de la Dr. Ben Kim ... se pare ca nu e asa rau sa mai fii si racit din cand in cand

protein requirements

Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2009 Oct 16. [Epub ahead of print]

Evidence that protein requirements have been significantly underestimated.

Elango R, Humayun MA, Ball RO, Pencharz PB.

The Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Canada, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review discusses recent evidence that suggests a significant underestimation of protein requirements in adult humans. RECENT FINDINGS: Traditionally, total protein requirements for humans have been determined using nitrogen balance. The recent Dietary Reference Intake recommendations for mean and population-safe intakes of 0.66 and 0.8 g/kg/day, respectively, of high-quality protein in adult humans are based on a meta-analysis of nitrogen balance studies using single linear regression analysis. We reanalyzed existing nitrogen balance studies using two-phase linear regression analysis and obtained mean and safe protein requirements of 0.91 and 0.99 g/kg/day, respectively. The two-phase linear regression analysis is considered more appropriate for biological analysis of dose-response curves. Considering the inherent problems associated with the nitrogen balance method, we developed an alternative method, the indicator amino acid oxidation technique, to determine protein requirements The mean and population-safe requirements in adult men were determined to be 0.93 and 1.2 g/kg/day and are 41 and 50%, respectively, higher than the current Dietary Reference Intakes recommendations. SUMMARY: The indicator amino acid oxidation-based requirement values of 0.93 and 1.2 g protein/kg/day and the reanalysis of existing nitrogen balance studies are significantly higher than current recommendations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reassess recommendations for protein intake in adult humans.

cancer

am mai scris despre legatura dintre carbohidrati si cancer aici

am vazut azi ca a aparut un studiu interesant pe aceeasi tema

concluziile sunt urmatoarele:

We have shown that acetoacetate added to glucose medium causes variable but parallel reductions of ATP concentration and cell growth in seven human cancer cell lines. The effect lies along a continuum with control fibroblasts at one extreme in which neither cell growth is inhibited nor is ATP concentration reduced. The effect is consistent with an "inefficient" Randle cycle due to over-expression of uncoupling protein 2, seen only in the cancer lines, and is plausible in light of current models of a transformed cell's adaptive microscopic development and progression toward the cancer phenotype. More work must be done to prove metabolic inhibition by this mechanism. If proven, the results speak to the hypothesized potential for ketogenic diets as non-toxic therapeutic strategies, as adjuvants to standard therapies, and to multimodality therapies to improve the control of malignant disease.

clean eatin

date dintr-un studiu interesant privind consumul energetic al organismului uman

Organ or Tissue	Metabolic Rate (kcal/kg/day)		% Overall Resting Energy Expenditure	Weight in Kg	Weight in Lb	%Body Weight
Adipose	4.5		4	15	33	21.4%
Muscle	13		22	28.2	61.6	40
Other	12		16	23.2	10.5	33.1
Liver	200		21	1.8	3.96	2.6
Brain	240		22	1.4	3.08	2.0
Heart	400		9	0.3	0.66	0.5
Kidneys	400		8	0.3	0.66	0.5

recomandare

in ultimul timp am mancat foarte des de aici

mancarea este foarte gustoasa, portiile sunt asa cum trebuie, totul este gatit natural si curat. noodles-ul de legume, de exemplu, este genial

felicitari !

un studiu nou si interesant despre creatina

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine
Issue: Volume 19(5), September 2009, pg. 399-404

Three Weeks of Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation Affects Dihydrotestosterone to Testosterone Ratio in College-Aged Rugby Players
van der Merwe, Johann MBChB; Brooks, Naomi E PhD; Myburgh, Kathryn H PhD
Author Information
From the Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Submitted for publication February 1, 2009; accepted July 22, 2009.
Reprints: Kathryn H. Myburgh, PhD, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag XI, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa (e-mail:khm@sun.ac.za).

Abstract

Objective: This study investigated resting concentrations of selected androgens after 3 weeks of creatine supplementation in male rugby players. It was hypothesized that the ratio of dihydrotestosterone (DHT, a biologically more active androgen) to testosterone (T) would change with creatine supplementation.

Design: Double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study with a 6-week washout period.

Setting: Rugby Institute in South Africa.

Participants: College-aged rugby players (n = 20) volunteered for the study, which took place during the competitive season.

Interventions: Subjects loaded with creatine (25 g/day creatine with 25 g/day glucose) or placebo (50 g/day glucose) for 7 days followed by 14 days of maintenance (5 g/day creatine with 25 g/day glucose or 30 g/day glucose placebo).

Main Outcome Measures: Serum T and DHT were measured and ratio calculated at baseline and after 7 days and 21 days of creatine supplementation (or placebo). Body composition measurements were taken at each time point.

Results: After 7 days of creatine loading, or a further 14 days of creatine maintenance dose, serum T levels did not change. However, levels of DHT increased by 56% after 7 days of creatine loading and remained 40% above baseline after 14 days maintenance (P < 0.001). The ratio of DHT:T also increased by 36% after 7 days creatine supplementation and remained elevated by 22% after the maintenance dose (P < 0.01).

Conclusions: Creatine supplementation may, in part, act through an increased rate of conversion of T to DHT. Further investigation is warranted as a result of the high frequency of individuals using creatine supplementation and the long-term safety of alterations in circulating androgen composition.

Statement of Clinical Relevance: Although creatine is a widely used ergogenic aid, the mechanisms of action are incompletely understood, particularly in relation to dihydrotestosterone, and therefore the long-term clinical safety cannot be guaranteed.